Principles of Providing Administrative Services Essay Example for Free

Principles of Providing Administrative Services EssayUnderstand how to profess and feature c every(prenominal)sWhen fetch in a business environment, anyone who deals with administration is just about likely going to confine to pulmonary tuberculosis office equipment, systems and procedures. These go away range from telephones to photocopiers, computers to coffee making facilities for guests. perspicacious how to operate these and understand what they atomic number 18 for is an essential skill in the business administration department. Presenting the right image therefore is important and arrest how to make and receive telephone c altogethers abstractly is a part of this image as you give accept to speak to colleagues, managers, customers and other people each day. Telephone systems save galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) contrastive features other than the handset and dials/buttons which atomic number 18 apply to handle c on the whollys proly.Call holding features argon those which are phthisisd to place a companionship-out on hold whilst you complete another task. This could be to finalize newsprin iirk, look up the callers details and selective information sooner speaking to them or touch another colleague whom the caller wishes to speak to Call waiting features let you hit the hay when there is a caller on the line who wishes to speak to you when you are already development the telephone. These are usually lights which flash or tones which beep to let you know there is a caller waiting Re-directing calls are addressable on telephone systems where you whitethorn be required to forward a call to another colleague. Usually they are features on the telephone which state direct or transfer Answer phone features record messages from callers when you or other colleagues are un obtainable Teleconferencing features enable others (more than two people) to hold a encounter style conversation over the telephone.These are now lotstimes enhanced with video imaging equipment via a computer TEXT MESSAGE features enable you to put and receive text style messages (as on a mobile phone). ON HOLD 0 This allows you to put the caller on hold while you locate the soul who the call is for or perhaps you motive to ask a colleague for military benefit/advice without the calling hearing what you are saying. CALL FORWARDING This guide allows you redirect a call to another telephone. This finish too be used if you go out be away from your desk and wish to divert your extension to a colleague. CALL BACK When you are calling a number that is engaged this function bequeath let you know when the line is free, this will save you cadence by attempting to call back manually. INTERRUPT When your phone is in use it will bleep as a signal that another caller is laborious to get through.LAST NUMBER REDIAL This function is normally one button that you press to redial the last used number. DO NOT DISTURB This a llows you to stop calls coming through to your phone while you are unavailable, for example when a meeting is taking place. HUNT GROUP This is when an office has a group of telephones all colligate to one telephone number so that calls can be passed around the team until more or lessone answers it. Your organisation will arrive at procedures that take up to be followed when using the telephone. Some larger organisations will gestate written guidelines that they expect to be followed, whereas smaller companies whitethorn ask you to observe a more experienced element of staff to learn how to receiving/making calls.It is important to remember that when using the telephone you are representing your workplace your caller cannot see you so the way you communicate will let on the caller an immediate impression, hopefully a good one. Rules to follow when answering calls * Answer promptly and identify yourself to the caller followe your organisations guidelines, Good morning time/ good laternoon, name of family, your name if applies, how may I help you? * Even if you are busy when you extradite answered the phone does not let the caller know this, as this will give a bad impression of you and the company. * Do not ignore your colleagues phone if it is ringing, answer it and offer to output a message. * let out with a smile in your voice this actually helps people to sound more helpful and pleasant. * It is good practice to have a pen and composing ready to take messages.* Do not answer the phone while you are drinking or eating, even if the call is well-known(prenominal). * Answer the callers questions with accurate and up to date information, if you cannot answer their questions find someone who can or offer to call them back. * Remember how important confidentiality is when providing information to callers, never give out customer or staff personal details, for example information such as home address, date or birth etc. * If the caller wants to sp eak to a specific person/department, take these details and transfer the call, remember to introduce the caller to the next person. * Rules to follow when making calls* Prepare first, you need to know why you are calling in the first place so that you can explain to the person who will answer the phone. * If information is lengthy write yourself a bullet point list of the main railway lines. * Keep your notepad nearby in case you need to take notes. * Always tell the person who answers the phone who you are and why you are calling. * Make authorized you can hear and understand the information you are being told, do not be embarrassed to ask someone to repeat themselves if it is not clear. * If the person answering your call has been helpful, thank them for their time. Taking Messages * When answering a call if the person the caller wishes to speak to is not available, offer to take a message. Rules to follow when taking messages* Make sure you include all the key facts this inclu des the callers name, company name, telephone number, any other relevant information the caller wishes you to pass on. * Check all the details with the caller before ending the call. * Write the message clearly to make sure the other person will understand what you are communicating. * Write the time, date of the call on your written message and your cause name so the other person can speak to you if they have any questions.Understand how to handle transportSome large organisations have a post room that deals with all incoming and outgoing light, some have responsible person/persons, and in small organisations everyone is responsible for the post. It is important to follow the set up procedures for receiving, checking and sorting incoming and outgoing mail or packages. If a mistake is made then someone may be waiting on the arrival of an important document and it may go to the wrong person, or even go missing completely.Within most office environments there will be a system an d set of procedures for handling incoming and outgoing mail. Staff responsible for receiving and posting mail will have to ensure that incoming mail has been checked that it has been addressed to the purify organisation and sorted by department or person incoming mail is correctly received and minded(p) to the correct recipient outgoing mail is sorted and is correctly labelled with the right postage lodge out-going mail is appropriate and relevant to the business (not personal mail). beam will be in the forms of parcels, letters, recorded deliveries, packages and other mail (including promotional materials/junk mail etc.). Within an organisation there will be different interior and external mail systems.Internal mail systems will involveInter-departmental collection points such as pigeon holes or boxes where staff can collect mail relevant to those working within their department. at that place may overly be outgoing postal trays for mail which comes from a department which t hen inescapably to be sent from a central office or location site transfer systems collection and redistribution systems when mail is received into one location but inescapably to be taken to another (for example, this system would be used when offices are spread out over an industrial park or office block) internal envelopes used for mail which is not being externally posted but sent to staff within an organisation. international mail systems will involveExternal mail post boxes (centrally located or collected by administrative staff from departments before being posted externally) recorded delivery postage fussy delivery postage courier services.Understand how to use different types of office equipmentWhen working within an office environment you will use various types of equipment in revise to carry out your role. It is important you know how to use this equipment in order to remain safe and keep risk to a marginal. You may be provided with training at your workplace or yo u may be asked to refer to the manufacturers guide for the equipment you use. Either way it is your righteousness to use all equipment in the correct way and to name any faulty equipment to the relevant person immediately. Manufactures guidelines are there for a reason. If you follow the basic guidance then you will not do anything that may harm you or others and the equipment will last seven-day. The main equipment you will come across in an office is as follows FAX MACHINES Need to be placed in an subject where everyone has access to it and you are able to clearly see when a fax has arrived.Faults could include paper jams, being offline, engaged tone, out of paper, wiring faults, some of these may require expert help so should be reported. PHOTOCOPIERS Should be placed in an percipient area so there is sufficient air around them, sometimes in a separate room. Faults include paper jams, out of toner etc. solo trained staff should remove paper jams and replace toner. SHREDDE RS Used to destroy confidential documents, paper can be recycled, mustinessiness be over 18 years old to use. Faults include overloading can cause paper jams, this should be resolved by trained person to avoid harm. GUILLOTINES Used to cut paper, must be over 18 years old to use.BINDING MACHINES Used to bind documents together, do not overload as these can cause the form to break and ruin documents resulting in wasted resources. FILING CABINETS Used to store documents, drawers must be closed after use to avoid unaccented hazards, also must not be overloaded. Never attempt to move a cabinet. COMPUTERS VDU must be at correct height for substance level, also adjust your chair to accommodate posture requirements. Any computer faults should be reported to a Computer Technician. PRINTERS/ SCANNERS It is good practice to proofread all documents before printing to keep waste to a minimum. To be kept where all users can access. Any faults should be reported to a trained Technician . auditory sensation MACHINES Used to listen and play back tapes that need to be typed up into the relevant format e.g. letter, memo, report. Each user normally has their protest set of earphones for hygiene reasons. Once you have completed a document you can erase the tape and use it again. When using equipment in the workplace it is important to keep it exculpated and well maintained, especially if you are sharing equipment or desks. You can do this by working in an organised tidy manner, storing equipment safely and cleaning it with the appropriate products. For example using screen wipes for your computer monitor (VDU).You can minimise the number of germs on your keyboard by not eating or drinking at your desk. If you are sharing workspace with others it is good practice to leave the area in a clean and organised manner for the next person in order to give a good impression of the type of person you are. In some organisations you may be required to have a clear desk policy, which manner you must leave your desk clear and tidy at the end of the day or when you are away from your desk.Understand how to keep waste to a minimum in a business environmentWaste has a huge impact on our carbon footprint and to the cost of running a business. on that point are many causes of waste in a business environment and many things you can do to prevent itPaper Proof read before printing, ask yourself do you need to print, email instead of printing, double side when printing or photocopying and use any scrap paper to make note pads.Envelopes, plastic wallets folders Re use them if you can.Electricity Turn off computers, monitors and other electrical equipment, do not leave equipment charging over night or for longer periods than necessary and turn lights and heating off when not needed.Many businesses have recycling policies and have put into place measures to make it easy to recycle. You may have an external company that takes away the shredding, toner cartridges o r even batteries. in that respect are sometimes allocated bins for paper, cardboard, tins, plastic and glass.Know how to make arrangements for meetingsAs an administrator you may be called upon to organise and support business meetings.Meetings form a major part of communications within the modern business world.The clear advantage of calling a meeting is that they enable face-to face contact with a number of people at one time, whereas if the communication were done by written communication, it would be herculean to gain a full overview of decisions, involvement etc. It is an opportunity for gaining a wide cross section of opinion where two-way dialogue is encouraged via the petition/answering of questions.What is important for an effective meeting to take place is that the right people are invited and that they are sufficiently briefed in advance so that they can make a worthwhile contribution. The disadvantage of a meeting is that they can become similarly numerous, resulting in a great deal of frustration and boredom, owing to a lot of lengthy and often irrelevant discussion, and achieving little or nothing. Also it can be difficult to arrange dates and times convenient for all those who ought to attend, especially when sufficient notice is not given and the people attention have prior commitments.Most people do not like attending meetings especially if they are not sure what the purpose of the meeting is, or if it goes on too long and achieves too little. Meetings must not be too frequent or held just for the sake of it. There must be a need for a meeting. There should be decisions about the different types of meetings needed. For example, some meetings could be to discuss policy and others to discuss organisation (practical work). Wherever possible the members must know what type of meeting they are going to and what the meeting is for in other words, the PURPOSE of the meeting. Sometimes an organisation might call a special or extraordinary meeti ng. There are different types of meetings and architectural planning and it should take account of this.Different types of meetings Most organisations will hold the following types of meetings The commonplace members meeting This is the most common meeting, which usually happens once a month or once every two weeks. The general members meeting should be the place where members are informed of developments, involved in decisions and given education and information that will help them to become more active in the organisation. General meetings are usually the places where decisions are made and where the administrator reports on work they and other sub-committees have done.Special meetings These can be called to discuss specific issues, for example preparing for a national conference or work on planning activities for the year. Any members who are interested should be invited to attend special meetings. They should not be run like general members meetings (with minutes, reports etc) but should only focus on the issues theyve been called to discuss. Executive meetings The executive should meet more regularly than the general members, and executive meetings should have a more business-like focus. The executive has to plan implementation for the organisation, monitor the work that has been done, deal with problems, and often (if youre part of a larger organisation) relate to other levels of the organisation. They should discuss correspondence in detail and address problems as they come up.The executive should also keep an eye on the finances of the organisation and monitor income and expenditure. Every executive meeting should have an item on the agenda that plans for the next general members meeting. They should provide both leadership and administration to the organisation. Annual General Meeting Most organisations have an Annual General Meeting laid down in their constitution. The AGM is the place where the executive accounts to all members about the act ivities of the year as well as the finances of the organisation. The AGM is also the place where new leaders are select and are given a mandate to run the organisation for another year.Most AGMs need at least the following two exposit reports to the members The secretarys report that lists plans of the organisation, the actual activities that took place that year, the achievements of the year, and the problems experienced. The treasurers report a detailed financial report that lists all income from subscriptions, grants, donations, fundraising and all expenditure. This report should also clearly state what the balance is and where that balance is held. It is important to have a written financial report at your AGM but very often members find financial reports difficult to understand and you should try and make it simpler by putting the main headings on news-prints and explaining it to people in less financial language. supplying a meeting mean should improve participation by ensur ing that discussion is on a single topic and that the members are well prepared for the meeting. This is the responsibility of the Chairperson, Secretary and Executive, depending on the type of organisation. Planning does not mean controlling and directing the meeting in such a way that it restricts participationPlanning should include the followingNotification- It is the executives responsibility to ensure that everyone has been notified of the date, time and venue of the meeting, as well as the main issues to be discussed. For many organisations it is a useful practice to always have their meetings on the homogeneous day at the same time in the same place for example on the first Saturday of every month at the local church hall. If you do not money to always inform your members of meetings then over time this will help you to cut costs, and to make sure that everyone knows where they can find the meeting.Preparing the agenda The agenda is a list of the most important issues for the members to discuss, it is drawn from the Matters Arising from the previous meeting and from the discussions of the Executive or Secretariat. The agenda is the responsibility of the Chairperson and the Secretary. The chairperson should read the minutes of the previous meeting to familiarise him/herself with the issues. This will form the basis of a list of matter arising from these minutes.Matters arising includeTasks a report back must be givenMatters for which further information was required for discussion Matters that were deferred to this meetingThere are standard items for any agenda. These items should be arranged in order of priority and time should be allocated for each discussion. Where possible, try to familiarise yourself with each area of discussion. An agenda should include a last item known as General or Any Other Business to allow individuals to raise scam items not included on the agenda.Understand procedures for organising travel and trying on arrangements. I f you are involved in arranging events for your company then this may involve many different aspects of planning. Before doing any of the planning you will need to establish what your budget is, it would not be sensible to guard guests into a five sense hotel at 100 per night when only 40 has been budgeted for, or booking first class flights when you should have booked economy. Consideration needs to be taken whether the event is local, national or international, as this will have an effect on the type of transport used to get to the venue. testament you need to book flights, car hire, taxis, trains or perhaps a coach? If people are travelling by car then is there parking close by, does the accommodation have parking? There are different types of overnight accommodation available from bed and breakfasts to hotels. How many nights will people need to stay? Will an evening meal be required? You must check that there are no disabilities that need special preparation for. Someone may need access to a wheelchair, lift, ramp or hearing loop. An interpreter may be needed if English is a second language. You must know you own limits of authority, when to seek guidance and the budget you have to work within. Resources may be needed, for example Stationery Pens, paper Equipment Flip charts, laptops (possible Internet access), overhead projectors, chairs Refreshments Tea, coffee, water, main meals taking into consideration any dietary needs that people may have If arranging this type of event it is usual practice for your company then you may already have regular suppliers, if not then you may need to shop around to find a suitable supplier within your given budget. There are many different sources of information available to help you to make your arrangements.You can look on the Internet, use regular suppliers, use internal information from colleagues, or paper based information from previous events, or you could use an agent but be aware that an agent will char ge a fee for doing a job that you can do. When you have finalised all the details your end the next thing to do is to give this information to all persons attending the event. Information such as Time and date of event, travel and accommodation details, map of area, places to park and prices, who to contact for further details or if they have any special needs, agenda and list of anything that needs to be broughtUnderstand diary management procedures.Diaries are an essential planning aid that all organisations will use at some point some use them more than others depending on the nature of the business. It is important to use a diary to help teams and individuals to plan tasks/activities, some of which will involve very strict deadlines. You can log information such as date, timings and locations of the people who are involved. Diaries can also help staff to know the whereabouts of their colleagues and when they are available to speak to. For example if you answer a call for a colle ague but are not sure where they are, you could refer to the staff diary to locate this information (as long as this is accurate and up to date). There are various types of manual diaries that are available these vary from a large, page-a day type to a smaller version with up to a week on view on each two pages.You need the size that will enable you to write clear information on the tasks you need to do and/or the appointments under each date. Manual diaries are often used for personal appointments and are individual to each person. Other people that may use these are secretaries or PAs. Nowadays electronic or computerised diaries are used much more in companies, especially those that book a large amount of appointments, e.g. hospitals, dentists, garages, electrical and gas companies etc. One of the most frequently used electronic diary programs in business is Microsoft Outlook, because it is compatible with other Microsoft Office software, such as Word. Outlook can be used to maint ain your diary, organise and manage lists of tasks you have to do, and keep an address book of your contacts.You can use it as an e-mail software program and also use it to check the schedules of other people in your team this is useful to book team meetings. Some companies also purchase PDAs for their staff, these offer many usable features including functions such as a to do list, address book, a calculator, a reminder option and a memo pad. They are compatible with the PC so that information can be downloaded easily. Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so.Customers expect good customer service. They expect the service provider to have * A thorough knowledge of what the organisation has to offer in regards to services and products. * The ability to project a positive image to all customers and meet their needs within the organisations limitations. * Good communications skills regardless of form or mode. * Staff that can help customers with any questions or queries they may have promptly. * An excellent understanding of the organisations procedures that specify how customers can be dealt with. * The product/service that is being advertised readily available and to be sold at the express price.It is important to be efficient as you may be first point of contact for the whole organisation and this can create a measure impression. You do not want to seem unprofessional, as this will not give customers any authorisation in their dealings with your organisation. It is essential that you gain your customers trust. It is also important to meet or exceed your customers expectations to lead to repeat and new business. We all hear, but how many of us actually listen? Actively comprehend to your customers will enable you to identify exactly what it is they want and give you the opportunity to recognise if there are any additional products or services that may be of interest to them.There are many different types of customers and it is important to identify them so that you evaluate the type of requirement they may have and what you have to do to meet them. You may have to deal with a regular customer who you are familiar with, dont forget to treat everyone with the same respect, just because you know this person it does not mean you can stop portraying a professional image.You may also have to deal with service suppliers or maintenance persons who need directing to different parts of the building, or need you to stay with them whilst they are in parts of the building where they should not have access unless accompanied.You may have to deal with internal or external customers, just remember whoever they are to be polite, as you are portraying the professional image of your company.Understand the purpose of response services and how to follow reception producer. Many administrators undertake receptionist duties. Some companies may have a specialist reception desk and some smaller firms are likely to exp ect a receptionist to undertake a variety of administration or telephone duties at the same time. There are many skills required to work on a reception A thorough knowledge of your organisation, its structure and the names and job roles of people who work there The ability to project a positive image to all visitors and help them with their needs and problems An excellent understanding of your companys procedures that specify how visitors must be dealt withAll visitors should be greeted with a smile and a welcome, no matter whether they are expected or not, or important or not. wear thint assume that the best-dressed visitors are the most important many receptionists have made this mistake and, in some cases, annoyed very key people. treat everyone with the same courtesy, and make them feel that you have time for them. It is important to be efficient as in some cases the receptionist is the first point of contact with the whole organisation and this can create a lasting impressi on.You do not want to seem unprofessional, as this will not give visitors any confidence in their dealings with your organisation. The receptionist has many roles to perform. As they are seen as the first point of contact then they are often required to give directions or escort visitors to different parts of the building, they are often asked for general information or to solve problems.Communication is a major role and the receptionist should know how to use their communication skills to get the most out of the way they communicate with visitors. An appropriate tone and level of voice are required.Some organisations have a sign in procedure for visitors, in which case it is the role of the receptionist to ensure that this is done and that any identification badges are given out. In large organisations when a visitor goes into the building they are issued with basic health and safety details, for example, what to do in the event of a fire.Security procedures must be complied with therefore it is essential that the receptionist is familiar with what these are. If these procedures are not complied with then there will be a breach of the security regulations. If you see someone who you think should not be in particular part of the building then err on the side of caution and report them to your line manager.Security in an organisation may spare for unrestricted visitor access Restrict visitor access to certain areas Allow restricted access to certain areas only if accompanied, and then only after visitors have complied with certain screening proceduresDealing with hostile visitors can be difficult, stay calm, listen, look sympathetic, apologise if necessary, and if any of this does not work then make sure you know what to do. You may have a security guard you can call or an alarm you can press for assistance.

Angostura Strategy Most Profitable Rum Company

angostura bark Strategy Most Profitable curious CompanyAnalysis of angosturaIn this chapter the information ga in that respectd from primary and secondary resources willing be economic consumptiond to analyse the foodstuffing dodge and performance of angostura bark SBR. The vision of angostura Ltd is to be the most profitable gay company in the Caribbean and continuously improve their position as the largest aromatic bitters company in the world. And their delegating is to bring the spirit of Trinidad Tobago to either customer experience by providing preferred crossroads and excellent products and excellent customer service. From these statement it is believed that angostura would standardized the company to be the flagship nock or product of the verdant and that they would incorporate these statements when developing their strategies to marketplace place their products .Over the past five years the company acquit been through a caboodle which would ware affected their creation and performance within the market. They invite everyplacecome disastrous obstacles such(prenominal) as having their old (CLICO) parent company filing for bankruptcy which would excite affected their reputation and their business operations. In this chapter the information and results collect from the interviews, observation and surveys will be analysed and compared with those of the competitor. angostura strategy Past PresentIn the past it could clearly be determined that the previous strategy was non about having a dominant strawman in the market hardly much seeking to have their products in the foreign markets. It fag safely be said that Angostura adopted a strategy of a merger and accomplishment type because they were purchasing and forming agreements with other distilleries. In 1999 they bought the minority handle in Bacardi Ltd, in 2002 they bought Burn Stewart a traverse distillery in Scotland. And they alike create relationships/alliances wit h Dewars Ltd. These developments assisted in the statistical distribution of the Angostura brands into untapped markets. They were capitalising on the brand names and the association of the brands to penetrate the markets. It force out clearly determine that they adopted a strategy from the Ansoff matrix to the best of their ability to become a leader in the alcoholic beverage industry in the world. At that time of the company existence, wherefore chairman and owner of Angostura Lawrence Duprey who is a visionary saw these products as being world class and it should be available to the world. This strategy could be considered to be no-hit because close to of the products won international awards in the GermanysMundus Vini Competition and International Spirits Challenge UK, but there was somewhat neglecting to their home market as there was little awareness of the brands in the local market . There was little advertising over those years that are when the foreign competitors pen etrated the market with their intense market tactics and deflect a epoch-making number of consumers to lurch from rum to scotch. The foreign competition came into the market through distribution via local distributors. The principal(prenominal) product that affected Angostura market share which they held for years was scotch. Starting in 2010 the tender CEO decided to implemented a new strategy to take the company back to its rightful position in the market and eradicate all competition. The companys CEO Wayne Yip Choy said he saw an untapped opportunity to amplify rum sales in what had been a stagnant market for the last 25 years or so. The growth of rum over the last 25 years has been flat at about 500,000 case per year while whiskey sales went from 34,000 to 267,000 cases. The CEO has endorsed this bunk professing that it was successful (Newsday 19th May 2011 page 3)He employed a market penetration strategy which consisted of several changes to the companys structure and products. These changes include an immediate stop to distribution of all competitor products such as Bacardi and Dewars and a repackaging of their rums and re dressing the brands.Albarran et al (2006) states that the industry life cycle helps in understanding the dynamics of a market structure and the entry, exit and survival patterns of firms. The rum industry can be considered or characterized as being in its decline phase as they have not been active in the market like they should. There is a moderate entrance of competition into this industry however the industry is favourable to Angostura as they are the leaders in the rum distribution which makes it difficult for any new company to sell rum and penetrate the market. However there is a heavy threats in the alcohol market from brands such as Johnnie pushchair Black (JWB) which is a scotch beverage and has capture a significant segment of the market. The company responsible for the market strategies of this product is AS Bryd ens who follow the strategyThe present strategy being employed by Angostura can be best identified as a Differentiation out of the porter generic strategy. The product differentiation strategy in any market gains competitive benefit from being able to offer additional value to their customers that they may in some steering appreciate and value. Differentiation strategies are not about pursuing uniqueness for the sake of being different it is about understanding customers and how the product can meet their needs, differentiation is about uniqueness, establishing differentiation advantage requires creativity. They have achieved this by offering a premium product with a unique perceptivity and new packaging to the consumers. Presently in the market Angostura have fierce competition by foreign competitors who have entered the local alcohol market via distribution channels such as AS Brydens and Alstons trade Company who control the powerful brands such as Johnnie Walker Black and De wars respectively. The Angostura Single Barrel Rum (SBR) is product that the company is actively marketing currently. This product is an old product that has been rebranded and re-positi peerlessd to a new target audience to regain its market share from scotch. The main competitor for the SBR is JWB. JWB is the most preferred confuseing for upcoming professionals and companionableites between the ages of 18- 35 which is also the same target audience that angostura is also seeking subsequently for SBR. The JWB has been able to captivate this market after(prenominal) persistent years of active marketing strategies over the last 10 years and how they have positioned the product in the wits of this target pigeonholing. Angostura have effected that this target group will be the future leaders of the country and decided to focus SBR on this target audience. There are many marketing strategies that they may have evaluated to deliver the best woo to reach with this group. But from o bservations and analysis it can be determined that they may have adopted the contest strategy whereby they develop a strategy that is similar to the market leader (JWB) and try to capitalise on it. This strategy is effective because it tends to feed off the heartiness or success of the market leader. However it can be safely said that the strategy that they adopted to allow them maximum mileage and infiltrate the market without much hindrance is between the market penetration or product development strategy out of the Ansoff Matrix. The market penetration would be a desirable strategy to adopt because it contributes to the increase in market share and it is a great growth strategy as it contributes to the increase usage of the product. The marketing pleat that angostura used for SBR used can support the justification of the market penetration strategy. They implemented extensive advertising via newspapers, billboards, radio and event sponsorships. They flooded the market with th e SBR adverts aggressively targeting scotch featurely JWB. The pricing strategy that they also used would allow the product to penetrate the market because it was cheaper than the competitor making it more inexpensive and attractive to the consumers.The product development strategy may have been more align to the general strategy, and it justifies by producing a high pure tone rum for its consumer and then the reason for an entire repositioning of the product. SBR was given a drastic change from the bottle to the way it was presented to the public. The packaging of the bottle improved to a sleeker smooth and racy look that would to appeal to the specific target group as its similar to the shapes of their competitors in the market. These changes were slowly introduced to the country using the BOLD concept to explain the approach that they adapted. The marketing mix that they used supported this by the use of having a launch event to introduce the new packaging of the SBR .This was then was supported by intensive print and billboards advertisements describing the shape and look of the bottle. The ads also describe the flavour of the rum and why its better than the scotch. Angostura can be deemed to seek a type of innovation in implementing this strategy and introducing a forgotten secret from their distillery. This product is not a new product as it has been in existence for at least 4 years and it was not marketed to the public. It was the decision of the previous CEO to share this secret with the public rather than having it on their shelves that the House of Angostura as an ornament collecting dust. Mr Yip Choy felt that the product deserved and audience and this was the catalyst that began the introduction of a new old product into the lives of alcohol consumers of Trinidad and Tobago.Angostura have core competences that they can use to their advantage to give them the competitive edge over their competitors. Core competences such as they have the gri nd readily available to them as they have highly skilled staff to produce these rums. They have the history of the company which is known to produce high quality products, that have received world class awards and they dont have the to pay excessive taxes to instant an finished intimatelys compared to the competitors who are faced with high taxes and duties that they need to pay to import a finished product into the country and pass on these cost to the consumers.In analysing the strategy a random survey was conducted online to measure the effectiveness of the campaign to date. The results of this survey is discussed below .Based on the results from the survey it can be assumed that the strategy has not been totally effective. They have been able to develop a password or buzz about SBR that probably led to a considerable amount of persons trying the product at bars, clubs, events where ever the product was available after its mega launch and print intensive campaign. The target group for this campaign is one of an elite nature. The target audience for SBR are males who are within the age group of 25-35 years old who are professional or upcoming managers, who live in urban or well developed areas. Their income ranging between -20k 30 k per month belonging in the social class of A and B. This target audience tends to be the trendsetters of the new generation the mangers, the upcoming executives, leading accountants, and the influential bulk within the society. There is some concern if this is the ideal age group that Angostura should be focussing their strategies to as with this audience they are seasoned and have peculiar and specific needs and they really change unless influence by something very drastic. Also to note that Angostura will have a big challenge to persuade all ready established scotch drinkers to switch to rum because it two different types of alcohol . However with this new strategy that they have employed it may be successful.Their marke ting strategy also consist of a branding strategy which conveys the entire image and direction of the brand so that the target audience can relate and create a connection with the product. The brand strategy is a part of the marketing strategy because this is responsible for the positioning the brand and the other attributes of the brand. This will play a significant role into the development of this strategy because of the target audience and the competitor that they are going up against they need to have a very fierce and aggressive strategy to accomplish this feat. In analysing the brand profile it can be assumed that the carry Identity Prism created by Jean-Nol Kapferer model was used to develop this framework. Physical Facet of SBR- Simple packaging, smooth taste, sweet aroma premium rum dark rich colour Brand personality -Rich, complete, Independent and distinguished Customer Reflection It entices the consumers palate , satisfies them, helps them re-calibrate Customer Self Image-Discerning, Unique, part of a conduct group and well educatedThe image of the brand has to be well positioned as to have great influence over the target audience. Some of the attributes of the brand that were indicated above do apply to how the consumer drinking it wants to be seen because they are image driven because of the status that they hold within society. They mostly associate themselves with products that are align to the character. SBR have the necessary brand profiles that twill meet the needs of the target audience. Angostura has positioned the product as a premium product to compete with JWB which is also positioned in that bracket. It is imperative that the Angostura Ltd employ active and aggressive tactics to persuade this group because what they are trying to do is a drastic switch of a consumers taste. From this strategy it was also observed that Angostura is trying to influence consumers behaviours by providing facts and additional information about the dist illing process about rum and scotch to convince the consumers to switch. It can be deemed that they use the black box model to influence this change of behaviour. The concept of the model is that it suggests consumers will respond in particular ways to different stimuli after they have processed those stimuli in their minds. These messages were conveyed in their ads such as Because Spirits mature faster in warm climates a 5 year old rum has a better aged flavour than a much older scotch.Age has nothing to do with maturity. Statements like this will cause the consumer to think and processed the stimuli in their minds.Alcohol Sales In Trinidad Tobago alcohol is associated with most rituals or events because the culture is a celebrating and socializing culture. When looking at the sales of alcohol it can be seen that sales continue to rise for the period of 2008-2010 even though the Governor of central bank stated that the country was going thru a depression. This statement was not a reality as it was seen that even though the economy was considered cash strapped the population was still purchasing these products as regular. The chart below, illustrates the sales within the alcohol industry over the past years. There was a slight decline in sales in 2007/ 2008 but from end 2008 the industry gained momentum and have increased and plateau till 2010. During this period of 2007 2009 Trinidad Tobago was considered to be going thru a decline in economic practise other known as a recession and according to philosophy, goods of this nature tends to increase in a recession as these products are used as a way of comforting due to financial hardship. Most consumers had switch brands and purchase a cheaper brand which gave them more value for their money. During this period beers such as Carib and Stag had significantly increased during this recession and posed a threat to AngosturaTable 1Yearly litre cases in 000sSpirits200520062007200820092010Rum513.5525.9502.14975014 97Vodka27.7529.53133.536.6537.85Scotch207238.5240.5244.9224.7211.65Beer395400420438452465Source IWSR 2010At this present time Trinidad Tobago is said to be experience an increase in productivity which indicates there is an increase in disposable income. An increase in disposable income leads to increase purchases of items that are not necessities such as alcohol. Angostura would have accessed these conditions when developing their strategy to influence consumption. The sales of SBR have increase significantly for 2009 where only 250 bottles were sold compared to 2010 where they sold 4594 bottles . The sales in 2010 could have increase significantly due to the launch, events and high level of awareness that was make passing for the period of September to December. This is a good sign for the brand as it show that there is a possible market for the product.Johnnie Walker Strategy JWB marketing strategy can be determined to be an aggressive strategy but through a focus approached. Th ey use world-class marketing capabilities to combine with flair and agility to delight consumers with both a trusted brand favourites and the introduction of new and exciting innovations. JWB thrives on innovation as they believe thats the way to the consumers especially with all the available technology .They have also adopted a Premiumization strategy which position it as an elites product which is what Angostura has implemented with the SBR.JWB has put a lot of emphasis on testing different aspects of the marketing mix so that they can understand what the consumers wants when advertising or on-premise or digital. They have clearly identified who their target audience and have developed the necessary strategies to consume this group. The clientele that they are chasing after are discriminating just like the SBR so they have developed a framework within their strategy to attract this audience which is known as FACE. (Flair, Agility, Customer central and Evolving) These are the w atch words that they use to effectively acquire and maintain their customer base. This strategy has been proven to be effective because the sales of this product have increase continuously year after year. Table 2Scotch Yearly litre cases in 000s in Trinidad Tobago Brand20052006200720082009JWB2629293640Black White3035333634Dewars White Label6.857.858.158.257.75Chivas Regal44.84.9553Source IWSR ReportJohnnie Walker campaign is as less aggressive print wise but they capitalize on digital and relationship make in their campaigns and this is how they execute the FACE frame work. Flare is particularly important in this category because consumers care about it. Every time they select a brand theyre making a statement about themselves its not about functional performance.The brand has flair in the way they execute the ads, the promotion they way they present the product to the consumer, it is executed in a manner thats appeals to the target audience that distinguishes itself from the ot hers. They have implemented campaigns that are fully integrated campaign crossways multiple channels, above the line and below the line that motivates and engages consumers and builds affinity and loyalty for the brand. They also use a premium pricing strategy to position the product as a high end product that distinguishes from the other brands.Analysis of survey A survey was carried out online to evaluate several issues and the effectiveness of the campaign. The exemplification size of 100 was used ground on a random sampling where 73 % percent of the respondents were male and 27 % female of which 75 % were the worthy age profile for SBR. Based on the educational background profile that meets the criteria of SBR 58% of the respondents had a degree or even higher qualification which meets the profile. This is based on the profile given on the brand profile for SBR. In the survey questions were asked to get the factual, felling and emotional statements about the product and thei r experiences. When asked the question if they have every tasted the single barrel rum 69.2% indicated that they have but when asked if they will drink the drink again 34% said no ,while 40.3% indicated that they may try it . This is not positive signs for SBR as they want to stimulate repeat purchase as this is what will take the product to the pinnacle to surpass scotch. range 1Figure 2When asked how they found out about the product the most popular responses were from word of mouth and TV. However the word of mouth can only happen because someone saw an ad. From my interview with Ms De la Rosa VP marketing Manager, she indicated that part of the strategy was to create a conversation and buzz about the products, it can be said that they achieved this because of the percentage of persons were informed by word of mouth. It can also said that the aggressive print campaign which included newspapers and billboards contributed to this discussion, but some of the comments about the ads were not that compliment as some of the respondents indicated that the ads were not that appealing.Figure 3The art of marketing is to influence ones behavior to try a new product and this is done by creating a strategy utilizing the marketing mix and tactics that that will appeal to the target audience that will encourage them to try the product . During the Christmas and carnival 2011 Single barrel rum is in most if not all of the events promoting the rum in an attempt to push the product on the consumers and maintain awareness. However this strategy may not have been the contributing factor that influenced persons to try the drink as the main reason for trying it was quirk and friends. When new products arrive in the market people are hesitant to try it unless they are heavily influence by some factor, they tend not to come out of their safety net. But recommendations by peers have can influence their behavior as they will trust their friend who has endorsed the product. The ads that appeared would have contributed in some way but it was not a major influence.The product was introduced received some great reviews for its new shape an packing as this was one of the highest ranking issues that the audience like about the product . The taste was the leading choice of what they like about the product. The new taste is differently and it seems to be a key ingredient for this product. Angostura has used the taste to clearly justify their existence and why scotch should be a second option to that brand. This taste can be used as their competitive advantage along with the health benefits for consuming those beverages.The brand attributes associated was not communicated because when asked how they felt about the drink or association with the brand 60% said they felt nothing and another 20 % felt refreshing. The brand has specific attributes associate with the image of the product, feelings of independence, noteworthy, leader, trendsetter are the some of the words as sociated with the brand. It can be determined that it may be too early in the products awareness cycle for these attitudes to be conveyed in the targets audience mind but, with fierce and persistent competition on the outside. From the 100 respondents it can be clearly stated that the marketing /advertising campaign was effective as overall 65% found that the campaign was good or excellent. This is a very good rating for the company and their agency, but the campaign being a good one may not translate into the figures that the company would like for their sales because the overall objective for the campaign is to increase the sales of the SBR and move into the market share of the scotch market. Figure 4In the survey it was important to find out what the public thinks about rum so questions were asked to get this rating. The leading drink to be a first choice was scotch. Rum was 3rd fourth choice to beer and wine. Angostura has tried to influence the target audience to switch the u se of rum as a first preference. This change is a behavior change that they need to address to get the target audience to switch. When asked why they like this preferred drink the most favorite response was taste. Taste is important to the consumer as a result Angostura can look at this capitalizing on the taste to gain an edge over their competitors.Table 3When socialising what is your preferred drink of choice? Answer Options1st2nd3rd4th5th6thScotch/Whiskey22167441Rum9613976Vodka7101112113Beer1117111021wine-colored971010143Other424226Digital MarketingIn the 21 century where there is so much different technology and ways for communication and reaching a target audience a company should utilise the. In 2007 Heineken decided to create a marketing campaign that would rejuvenate its brand among Puerto Rican youth, it recognized that 30-second TV spots and other forms of tralatitious media would not be the most effective means of reaching its target audience. Instead, the company seize d upon the architecture of the online world to build a powerful, interactive virtual origination named Heineken City . They were able to fuse the digital world along with the traditional media to develop a campaign. From research conducted for this paper it was concluded that Angostura has not utilized these digital marketing tools to their advantage to date and these tools are used by the target audience on a regular basis. They have access on a daily basis as they are have it available to them at home , in the office or on the go on their Smartphones such as blackberry and iphones. Campaigns like this one are transforming the nature of advertising in the digital age. Today, alcohol brands are promoting their products across a wide spectrum of new platform from social networks to mobile phones to immersive, virtual communities. This marriage of communications and commerce has benefited from a perfect storm of converging developments the rise of a world(prenominal) generation of Internet-savvy users the growing capability to access online content at any hour, especially through mobile devices powerful new digital marketing platforms such as Facebook, Google, and YouTube and the growing sophistication and power of both online advertising techniques and the companies that offer them.Angostura has only utilised YouTube to upload two of their TV ads and no presence of a facebook page. Their immediate competitor JWB, have developed extensive tactics utilising the digital world. They have developed mobile applications for Smartphones, they have utilised all the social media which includes facebook and twitter to keep their customer current on all promotion and events that are happening with the brand. They have embraced the technology and expanded on it using it to the

Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products English Language Essay

Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products English Language EssayI advise that you start with The Alum stacks Topical Solution treatment found at the fetchning of topographic point Cooked lashings Treatments. This treatment occasions a highly pissed natural astringent (a substance that contracts the tissues or send wordals of the body, in that respectby diminishing discharges, as of mucus or blood) that ordain shrink your piless and set you well on the means to success.Hemorrhoids ar defined as an itching or unhingeful mass of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue. Some of the symptoms are itching, pain, stumblebum and release in the anus. They are ca utilize by straining when having a bowel movement due to constipation or pregnancy.With the m any home remedies visible(prenominal), you can fin on the wholey trash the breeding H, pads and medications that only provide minimally temporary relief for what feels to be excruciating and eternal torture. When the discomfort begins, you dont hope short-term relief, you need a permanent firmness of purpose that impart relinquish your hemorrhoid issues to history, once and for-all. there are home remedies for scarce about everything from toenail fungus, to sunburn, and the distressful and agitating affliction of hemorrhoids.Tried and square(a) home remedies, more or less use by the pi unitaryers of our coun furnish, can safely resolve most ailments without harmful side proceedings. They are very cost effective as well, which is great to go through with the current charge for prescription medications.Effective doesnt confine to equal expensive. Your own struggle is likely to hand been costly and unsatisfying if you are still searching for different means to soothe your hemorrhoid flare-ups.Dont crack up when all of the methods prescribed by your bushel slang failed. The replys outlined in this book are ways that have been used by many people throughout the ages with success. With this information, it is finally sequence to discover the treatment that impart mesh for you.What hazards Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products?Simply, its the ingredients. intimately of the common hemorrhoid products on the market, like pills, creams and suppositories are made with chemicals that can have adverse side effects. lieu effects such as diarrhea, nausea or/and headache. Why take whateverthing that is handout to make you feel charge worse than you already do?homeopathic or natural products dont have any adverse side effects. Also remember that natural remedies, non only treat, entirely as well as cure hemorrhoids, bit the chemical based products only temporarily jockstrap your hemorrhoids. If you use a natural remedy, then you dont have to worry about having surgery and the risks and complications that go with it. once you find the natural remedy that works for you, then you never have to worry about hemorrhoids again. Healing and curing your hemorrhoids has a lot to do with the ingredients that you enthrone into your body. Are you looking for a temporary solution, or are you are looking for a cure for your hemorrhoids?As we forget talk about later, becharm Hazel, Butchers Broom and horse chestnut, as well as former(a) natural remedies, are the prevailing ingredients to fix your hemorrhoids herbally. So lets look at the the ingredients in some of the popular brands that you can bargain at your local pharmacy or drug breed.Venapro charm Hazel, horse cavalry Chestnut, St. Marys Thistle, Stone Root, Krameria Mapato, Arnica Montana, Muriatic Acid and Fluoride of Lime.Hem-Relief Witch Hazel Leaf, horse cavalry Chestnut and Ginger RootAvatrol Horse Chestnut, Arginine, Oat Straw, Cascara Sagrada, Bilberry, Butchers Broom, Mullein, Cayenne and Zinc.Homeopathic remedies that you can try are Bryonin (a bitter principle obtained from the outset of the Bryony plant), ribgrass (Buckthorn is considered a last resort treatm ent for constipation, or in cases where soft stool is desirable such as with hemorrhoids), Aloe and Dandelion.All of these can be used for constipation or hemorrhoids and can be found at your local health food inject.So it should be obvious, none of the natural ingredients will give you any bad side effects. Be that as it may, looking at the ingredients in facility H or Tucks, no matter what type these medications have a go at it in, such as gels, foams, pads, ointments, suppositories or creams, you should be worried about the ingredients that are in these medications like corticosteroids, vasoconstrictors, analgesics, anesthetics, and antiseptics. A vasoconstrictor called Phenlephrine is one of the main ingredients in Preparation H, which increases blood pressure.Some of the other ingredients are Shark Liver Oil, mineral Oil and Petrolatum. These are protective ingredients. Ask your doctor before buying any of these temporary fix medications, especially if you have heart diseas e, diabetes, high blood pressure and/or thyroid disease because the side effects could be contraindicative.Most over the counter or OTC medications that you can buy at your local pharmacy or super market are made up of mostly inactive ingredients like additives, petrochemicals, colorings and dyes. Be aware of what you are putting in or on your body.Lets look at the ingredients in a Tucks Pad. Although Witch Hazel makes up 50% of the ingredients, the other 50% are inactive ingredients which are Propulparaben, Water, Alcohol, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Glycerin, Methylparaben, Propylene Glycol, and Diazolidinyl.Tucks Suppositories 51% Topical starch and 49% inactive ingredients Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate and Benzol Alcohol. Anusol Suppositories Active ingredients are Pramoxine HCl and Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate. The non-active ingredients are Mineral Oil, Paraben, Calcium Phosphate, OTeth-2 and Petroleum.Anusol Cream consists of Balsam Peru, Bismuth Oxide and Zinc Oxide as the active ingredients. Methyl Hydroxybenzoate, Glycerol Monosterate, Titanium Dioxide, Liquid Paraffin, Sorbitan, Stearate and Water make up the inactive ingredients.The active ingredients in Tucks Ointment are Hydrochloride, Peruvian Balsam, Pramoxine and Mineral Oil. The inactive ingredients are Glycerol Monostearate, Kaolin and Benzl Benzoate.These are just a few of the common over the counter, medications. retri exceptory look at the ingredients and decide what you want to put into your body.All of these are chemical based, quick-fix medications. Wouldnt you prefer natural and safe ingredients? Just because there is a long list of ingredients does not make the product better, safer or more effective. The safe and reliable ingredients found in homeopathic and herbal solutions for hemorrhoids are the right ingredients for you.Less is more when it comes to homeopathic and herbal solutions and in the long run, they are better for you. Now that you have all of the informat ion, you decide which is better.You Dont Know Squat?Since we are talking about the cure and prevention of hemorrhoids, there is one thing I would like to mention that I bet you never heard, or even thought of. One thing you can do for yourself in eliminating the problem of painful hemorrhoids is to change your position when you are having a bowel movement.Im sure that when you feel the urge to have a bowel movement, you just go to the restroom and sit right down and begin your business. Why not? Its the way you have been doing it since you were rear end trained as a child. Its the commonplace position to sit in to those who arent cavemen or cavewomen, wiping their butts with leaves.Should you sit or squat when you are using the restroom? Does it really matter? It has been proven after all these years of going to the bathroom. We find out now that we have been doing it all wrong.Really? by and by all the years following the invention of the toilet seat, we dont even know how to us e the restroom the right way? And because of this, we are prone to problems that hurt our bodies. Problems such as hemorrhoids, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), prostate and colorectal crab louse are a few.All of this is because we sit like kings and queens on the toilet throne, instead of squatting. I know what you are thinking, but its true, squatting. I know it sounds weird and seems like it would be uncomfortable when you are doing what you do in the restroom.So lets look at the benefits of squatting. After this, youll have to go through potty training all over again just to know how to squat. While you are sitting all comfy and cozy on your throne, its difficult to sympathize how you are hurting yourself.Sitting causes you to strain because the anal canal is all bent out of shape. It is supposed to be in a straight line. deformation dapple youre constipated is what causes the hemorrhoid problem. If you squat, it puts the anal canal in the straight position as it is supposed to be. This eliminates all the grunting and groaning from straining.Believe it or not, sitting to have a bowel movement causes all types of things to go wrong inside your body. Squatting will eliminate these problems. Squatting is a natural prevention for hemorrhoids and other medical problems when it comes to the lower digestive system.All you have to do now is learn the benefits of squatting instead of sitting. Try it out. It will help prevent hemorrhoids. If you try all of the remedies in this book, you will find a combination that will work for you and end your frustration with hemorrhoids.Give it a shot. Because all of these options are natural, you can experiment all you want and not worry about any harmful side effects. You will find a remedy that is right for you.Home Cooked Hemorrhoid TreatmentsIm going to introduce you to an old family remedy that has been created using eastern medical practices. We call it The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution and it is based on the Alum C rystal. It can be found in the form of several different compounds.Alum powder is simply the ground up version of the crystals. cranesbill is a plant based powder with uniform astringent properties that can be substituted for Alum.You can buy Alum for a low price in most Asian countries. It is hardly ever used in the west, but isnt difficult to find in Asian markets around the U.S. and on-line. Cranesbill is indigenous to uniting America.All you have to do is dissolve some of the Alum crystals, Alum powder or Cranesbill into a very arduous solution, then store it in a jar. Mix the Alum crystal, Alum powder or Cranesbill with doting water, in a jar, at a ratio of one to five.For example, if you use one scoop of the crystals, then mix in it with five scoops of warm water. The size of the scoop is going to depend on how much you want to make. Youre going to use approximately one ounce per day, so a pint will last you about two weeks.Stir it occasionally to help step on it up dis solution. Once fully dissolved, you will have a very concentrated solution. Whenever you need it just take a couple of teaspoons out and make a diluted solution that you can then wash your anal rectal theater on the outside.Mix 2 or 3 teaspoons of the concentrated solution into a pan filled with enough water that you can sit in and soak your butt. This is a highly diluted solution. It needs to be because Alum and Cranesbill are quite strong and, as you know, your anus is very sensitive.Do this for five minutes at least two times per day, normally once in the morning and once at night. Three times a day could work better if you arent too sensitive to the solution.Your hemorrhoids can begin to shrink in as little as 4 to 5 sessions (about 2 age), but sometimes it can take up to several days before the effects are noticeable.The solution is not to be used inwroughtly its a topical solution. The astringent solution is actually lessen your hemorrhoid. The shrinking of the hemorrhoid means that it is returning to its proper condition and is what causes the bleeding to chequer.This is one of the most powerful solutions for curing hemorrhoids. You should use this method in conjunction with the other relief methods talked about in The Hemorrhoids Solution to maximize your healing power.thither are two general practices that should be adhered to while using The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution along with the other remedies that are mentioned in the book.First of all, try not to be forceful when having a bowel movement. Straining puts luxuriant pressure on the anus and irritates hemorrhoids. Avoiding this and writeing the pressure off will help alleviate your hemorrhoids. This is especially true for hemorrhoids due to constipation and pregnancy. Please dont strain while youre trying to have a bowel movement.Next, after you have a bowel movement, take a warm sitz bath to clean and relax your anus. If this is not possible, use some toilet paper dipped in warm water to thoroughly clean your anus.This is a necessary practice to solemnize your hemorrhoids from fit inflamed while following the additional treatments.We will discuss feed later in the book, but along with The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution, diet is especially helpful if your hemorrhoids bleed frequently.Sweet potatoes, a vegetarian only diet, and a minimum of 8-10 grouches of water per day are the way to go until the bleeding stops. Sweet potatoes and yams are an excellent source of fiber.Eat at least 4 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Avoid meats and any products containing wheat. Also, stay away from artificial sweeteners, such as those in diet sodas. They are indigestible and can aggravate constipation. Natural sugars and fruits are alright.You need to keep your stool soft and give those bleeding hemorrhoids time to heal. So you need to get yourself onto a very strict diet for a little while. This is VERY important.Combine this with the other methods in this book and your hemorrhoids will stop bleeding. So take these methods to heart, and your hemorrhoid problems should settle down and disappear.The next home cooked remedy is the Formula 44 Hemorrhoid Compress.Ingredients1 tsp (teaspoon) of crushed Calendula1tsp of goldenseal powder1tsp Peppermint leaf3 cups of waterOne half cup of Witch HazelDirectionsCover the water and herbs and bring them to a boil. After you turn off the heat, let the mixture saturate the water for 20 minutes. Then save the liquid and disregard the rest.After the mixture has cooled off, add another(prenominal) 1/2 cup of witch hazel. Find a clean cloth, soak in the liquid, wring out and then fool to your hemorrhoid. You can absorb this as lots as necessary.Here is a list of remedies that will work within an hour limit 3-4 tablespoons of raw cranberries into a blender. Take a tablespoon of the mingle cranberries and wrap them into a cheese cloth. Put this against your anus and keep it in place with some snug fitting underwear. After about an hour, supersede the compress with a new one. You can do this twice per day. Geranium and Lavender- Mix 2 drops of Geranium oil, 2-3 drops of lavender oil and 1 ounce of almond oil into a dark bottle with a dropper top. Shake the mixture well. Apply a few drops to your anus using your finger or a cotton ball. There is an over the counter product called Liquid Lecithin. Apply some of this solution to your hemorrhoid 1-2 times per day until you have relief. Make a wash solution using lobelia extract, baptisia extract and zinc sulfate for itching and swelling. Combine these ingredients in water. example equal arrays of all ingredients. After you mix everything, use it to wash the affected area. Blend sulfur and vaseline and apply to your hemorrhoids 2-3 times per day. Apple Cider Vinegar will keep your hemorrhoids from bleeding. Add 2 tsp of the vinegar to a glass of water and drink with each meal. Also you can add the vinegar to a cotton ball and apply dir ectly to your hemorrhoids. If itching and pain is your problem, try applying extract of Echinacea directly to your hemorrhoids.Soothing Ointments and SalvesOintments and salves can be applied directly to the anus and provide soothing relief. There are many available thar are made from all-natural ingredients. Comfrey Herbal Salve The ingredients in this salve include comfrey root, St. John Wart flower and bud, Calendula Flower, Plantain Leaf, Chickweed herb and Mullein Leaf.For this method to work you need to clean the area and then put the salve on the anus or slightly into the rectum. You will want to do this before you go to sleep at night.You can do this for 6 days, stop on day 7 and then repeat on the eighth day. Take one week off after using this treatment for 6 weeks in a row and keep the salve refrigerated. Veri-Gone Salve occasion this for minor cases of hemorrhoids. The ingredients include Witch Hazel, Echinacea Extract, Calendula Extract, Chamomile Essentials Oil, Alco hol and distilled water. Ghee-Turmeric Salve Mix 2 tsp of Ghee (a manikin of liquid butter, used especially in the preparedness of India, made from the milk of cows or buffaloes and clarified by boiling) with half a tsp of Turmeric Powder.Apply directly onto your hemorrhoids at bedtime. Use this for 3 nights in a row and then stop for 2 nights. Continue with this pattern until your hemorrhoids are gone. Bay Berry, Goldenseal Root, Myrrh and discolour Oak blended as salves work just as well, if not better than the expensive over the counter hemorrhoid medications that you can buy at your local drug store or pharmacy. Zinc Oxide Ointment Works as an astringent, antiseptic and as an antibacterial agent. You can buy this product at any pharmacy. It is used to keep your hemorrhoids dry and reduces itching. You can use this often and especially before you go to sleep. Pilewort Ointment An astringent that will stop bleeding hemorrhoids. Apply to your immaterial hemorrhoid at bedtime and never use internally. Calendula Ointment This will reduce inflammation and has a soothing affect. You can apply this directly to your hemorrhoids as often as needed. It is an antibacterial as well as an astringent product that stops the bleeding of your hemorrhoids. Fel Ursi Hemorrhoid Ointment An herbal ointment that will unbosom your symptoms. Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment Relieves the burning associated with hemorrhoids. Fargelin Extra Strength for bleeding hemorrhoids.Relief Using Pills, Capsules and SuppositoriesWe talked about salves and ointments to treat your hemorrhoid symptoms. Now lets talk about some pills and capsules that you can buy over the counter to help relieve your symptoms. All of these products can be ordered on line or you can buy them at your local health food store or Chinese Herbal Therapy store.With all of this information to cure your hemorrhoid symptoms at your disposal, Preparation H and or surgery are not your only options. There are so many safe and natural remedies for you to try before deciding to go through painful surgery.Relieving your hemorrhoid symptoms can be as easy as taking a few natural pills or capsules with a glass of water. Some of the most popular products out there that you can buy are 100% natural. Hemorrhoid Therapy Capsule One of the most popular products used to stop bleeding, reduce swelling and inflammation and cut back pain.Sanguisorba, Coptis Root, Mistletoe and Chrysanthemum Flowers are the ingredients. Just take 3 capsules 3 times a day. Hemorrhoid Quick Peace Tablet You can use this medication on either internal, or external hemorrhoids, or both. This medication will loosen up your bowel movement, stop pain and bleeding, and reduce swelling.Ampelopis Root, Sophora Flower, Sumac Gullnut, Black Bean and Pigs Bile are the ingredients in this product. The normal regimen is 4 tablets, 3 times every day. Phergelin An all-natural herbal remedy in capsule form for hemorrhoid prevention and treatment. This product will help eliminate discomfort such as itching, burning, and bleeding.Take 1-2 capsules in the morning and in the evening with water for a 3 week period. Hemorrhoid symptoms may become a part of your daily life until you deal with them.It can provide essential herbal nutrients to your body to help ease bowel movements and ease the cause of the pain. Strengthening the internal veins, it will remove the root of the problem and help you remove the stress caused by your hemorrhoids.Frankincense, Myrrh resin, Tangkwei root, Japanese pagoda tree flower, Garden burnet root, Hairyvein agrimonia whole plant, Sanchi root and Honeysuckle flower are the active ingredients in this product. Hemorrhoid Calming Tablet It calms the burning sensations and alleviates dryness associated with hemorrhoids. Take 3-4 tablets, 3 times per day.Consists of sanguisorba, biota leaf, genus Sophora flower, tangkuei, scutellaria, white peony root. Yunnan Notoginseng Capsule This medication can be u sed for several complaints such as removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, quickening blood circulation, alleviating pains, detoxification and reducing swelling.It can be used in treatment for traumatic injury, stagnated blood and oncotic pains, spitting blood, hemoptysis, hematochezia, hemorrhoid hemorrhage, metrorrhagia, metrostaxia, suppurative infection on body surface and pyogenic infections, contusion of soft tissues, closed fracture, hemoptysis of bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis, hemorrhage of peptic ulcer and infection diseases of skin. Take 1-2 capsules 4 times per day. Venapro Treatment for hemorrhoids does not subscribe to a prescription from a doctor. Since it is all natural, you do not have to worry about any side effects.It promotes the flow of blood to the rectal area and relieves pain associated with hemorrhoids. It also treats damaged tissue and lubricates sensitive parts.The active ingredients in Venapro are Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, St. Marys This tle, Stone Root, Krameria Mapato, Arnica Montana, Muriatic Acid and Fluoride of Lime.You can get Venapro by clicking on the following link http//thehemorrhoidssolution.com/recommends/venapro Avatrol An all-natural supplement that you can use for the uncomfortable symptoms of hemorrhoids. It is a treatment that can be used to help with any kind of hemorrhoids.In fact, one of the biggest advantages of this treatment is its versatility. There are many treatments for hemorrhoids that only have the ability to help hemorrhoids of one particular type or form, but this one can do it all. It will eliminate pain, swelling, bleeding and that irritating itching.The ingredients are Horse Chestnut, Arginine, Oat Straw, Casara Sagrada, Bilberry, Butchers Broom, Mullein, Cayenne and Zinc. Hem-Relief Another all natural product that will help to reduce swelling and inflammation, along with healing anal tissue is called.3 simple ingredients that make up Hem-Relief are Witch Hazel Leaf, Horse Chestn ut Leaf and Ginger Root.There are other remedies as well, other than pills and capsules. You may have been prescribed suppositories or granule medications by your doctor that caused you to have adverse side effects. Well, here are some all natural suppositories and granule products that dont have those harsh side effects. Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Suppository It goes straight to the source of the problem and reduces pain, swelling and bleeding. To use this product, simply insert the suppository into the rectum 2 times per day. Try this once in the morning and once in the evening.The ingredients in this suppository are Synthetic Musk, Bezoar, Pearl, Borneol, Notoginseng, Chinese Gall and Calamine. Hemorrhoid-Transforming Suppository This product will stop bleeding, relieve pain, diminish inflammation, resolve toxins and promotes contractions.This product can be used for internal or external hemorrhoids. Just like the last suppository mentioned this product can be used up to two ti mes per day.Ingredients Flavescent sophora root, phellodendron bark, datura flower and borneol.If you dont like the mood of pushing something up into your rectum, you can also try medications in the form of granules. These are supplements that can be mixed with water or food.Hemorrhoid-Inflammation-Disappearing Granule Will stop bleeding and constipation, reduce swelling and inflammation and ease your hemorrhoid pain.To take this herbal remedy just mix 1-2 tsp of the granules in a glass of warm water. Drink this solution 3 times per day.The ingredients in this product are Capillaris, Bitter Orange, Notoginseng, Honey Suckle, Sanguisorba Root, Hemp Seed, Beauty-berry Leaf, Sophora Flower, Peony Root and Capillaris.You can also use garlic and onion plant as a suppository. This method will reduce inflammation and swelling, eliminate bacteria and strengthen the veins in your anus.Cut the onion to match the same size of the garlic clove. Insert the garlic and onion slightly into the re ctum just before going to bed. Leave them there until morning when you have your regular bowel movement and they will come out automatically. Only use this method if bleeding is NOT one of your symptoms.Aloe Vera There are so many things you can use fresh aloe for and hemorrhoids is one of them. Use the aloe directly from the plant. Also you can cut the aloe into strips and freeze them in a Tupperware or similar container.After they get cold, take one aloe strip and place into your anus for immediate releif. You can do this twice a day, morning and night, as long as your hemorrhoids arent inflamed. If so, then just wait for the swelling and pain to subside.Now that you have a pretty complete list of some all-natural products that you can buy at your local health food store, for more information on them just do an online search. That being said, if you dont have the time or money to spend on your hemorrhoid problem, you can use the most natural substance on the planet.Thats right, W ATER (frozen of course). Just chip or crack off a smallish piece of ice and use it like a suppository. It will relieve pain, swelling and bleeding. This will help alleviate your symptoms as it melts in your rectum. With this method you will notice that you are wetting up your underwear.It would be a good idea to find a product like an adult diaper to keep your clothes and sheets dry as you can do this process 5-6 times per day.Every single one of these products assists in eliminating your hemorrhoid symptoms. The dosages and ingredients are similar but different with each product.Also remember this while you are curing the problem of hemorrhoids, these same products that you have been taking with their natural ingredients are great in helping with other medical conditions as well. Pretty cool how one natural medication is a cure all for other problems tooSelf-Help Remedies and TipsThere are many other simple solutions made from easily obtainable items and herbs. Try a variety to se e what works best for you. Baby Wipes sealed with Witch Hazel It is very important to keep the problem area clean. You dont want to do this with hard, course toilet paper. One thing you should try is rape wipes soaked in witch hazel.Just go to your supermarket and buy some baby wipes, or any pre-moistened wipes and add a bottle of witch hazel. Use these to wipe your bottom every time you have a bowel movement. There is a really good chance that the witch hazel will take the pain and itching away. Lemon juice Just saturate a cotton ball with some real lemon juice. Wipe the hemorrhoid with the saturated cotton ball. This may tingle or burn just a little but this will go away immediately. It will without delay take away your itching and burning. Touch-Me-Not plant Boil this plant, it has been said that the vapors alone will help your hemorrhoids. Another thing you can do is make a paste of the leaves and apply directly to external hemorrhoids. Cayenne pepper extract For quick re lief of a hemorrhoid flare-up with bleeding, mix a teaspoonful of this, also called capsicum and a main ingredient in many pepper sauces, in a small glass of water and drink it. For many people, this will provide quick shrinkage and relief of the hemorrhoid. It acts to lower blood pressure and boost circulation, providing an almost instant calming effect on inflamed hemorrhoids. It doesnt work for everyone, but can be a powerful aid if it does. Cayenne and Garlic Mix the cayenne and garlic in warm water and use as an enema. You will experience almost instant relief.Liquids There are more liquids than just water that will help you. 3 tsp of Karele Juice in a glass of buttermilk every morning for a month should do the trick. Blend the juices of turnip leaves, watercress and spinach. Pour this blended concoction into a glass and drink away your hemorrhoids. Bananas Boil a ripe banana in a cup of milk and drink 3 of these per day.Herbal Solutions Some other herbal medications for yo ur hemorrhoid problem are (you will notice some of these have been mentioned often) Barberry, Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, Slippery Elm, Butchers Brew, White Oak Bark, Mango Seeds and White radish are good do it yourself home remedies for hemorrhoids. Olive Oil They say that an apple a day keeps the doctor away, well a tablespoon of Olive Oil each morning will help keep your hemorrhoids away. Onions and Honey Slice the onion and mix with honey. Put this mixture on a pad and put it directly on your hemorrhoid for 3 hours. This will give you some comfort. Almond oil fiery up some almond oil and pour over a baby wipe or similar product and apply directly to area. levelheaded Results. Baking Soda and Water Create a paste and apply to your hemorrhoid to get rid of that pesky itching. Passion Fruit (4 grams) with water (one behind cup) Use on moist wipe or cloth when cleaning yourself. Goats milk, black mustard and sugar Blend these ingredients together and drink several times pe r day. This is especially helpful for bleeding hemorrhoids. Vitamin E Oil This product works with hemorrhoids as well as burns. Vaseline Apply a little bit of Vaseline to Q-tip and apply half an inch into the rectum. This will also ease your bowel movement and keep the stool from irritating the rectum or anus. Dont Scratch I know this is difficult, sometimes they just itch sooooo badly, but scratching your itchy hemorrhoids is bad because it can irritate the walls of the veins and make matters worse. Better to apply a calming salve to master the itch. No Heavy Lifting If you have to move anything heavy you really should have someone to help or do the heavy lifting for you. Also stay hap of strenuous exercise. Get yourself a Bidet A bidet is a low-mounted plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the genitalia, inner buttocks, and anus. It is usually attached to your bathroom toilet. It leaves you clean and refreshed like sitting in a sitz bath.Some tipsAvoid heav y and/or spicy foods(except in the cas

Portrayal of Women in Media

Portrayal of Wo custody in MediaAre We Seeing Increased Sexualization of Wo workforce in Media?Feminists contest that public media contributes to coerciveness and versed assault toward wowork force as seen by the dominant presence of violence against women in all forms of media (Linz Malamuth, 1993). Adolescents have been resorting to popular entertainment for information round sex, drugs, alcohol and violence (Kaiser Family Foundation, 1999). Their preference for the more than than popular and accessible symphony goggle boxs has provides them with a good deal(prenominal) information. Analysis of Music Television (MTV) has shown that men appe ard nearly twice as frequently as women and engaged in significantly more aggressive, dominant behavior and women were shown as engaging in more implicitly sexual and subservient behavior. They were represent to be frequent objects of explicit, implicit and aggressive advances by men (Sommers-Flanagan, Sommers-Flanagan, Davis, 19 93). It is usual for women in these videos to be used as decorative objects, and lonesome(prenominal) a few videos show men and women ar treated equally (Vincent, Davis Boruszkowski, 1987). One record of media and sexuality revealed that exposure to MTV among college womanlys was the most powerful predictor of sexual permissiveness (Strouse Buerkel-Rothfuss, 1987). Likewise, in video games, a more sexist orientation course and graphic violence against women is getting prevalent. Overall, subject in various media such(prenominal) as television, video games, music videos communicates that women are to be objectified, sexualized, dominated, assaulted and even killed (Bretthauer, Zimmerman Banning, 2006).Evolving Standards of Womens BeautyStandards of womens peach keep on changing, with more recent standards emphasizing body proportions that are not normally seen on everyday women. Cusumano Thompson (1997) studied standards of womens beauty in cartridges over a 20-year pe riod. In Playboy magazine, the models were considered to epitomize the ideal female body shape. Bust and renal pelvis measurements as well as weights of the centerfolds were taken in the brush of 20 years (1959-1978) and mean weight of the centerfolds was observed to be signify antly lower than the average female for the same time period. An otherwise observation is a decrease in the centerfolds bust and hip measurements as the high gear of the models increased over the 20-year period. Consequently, an increase in the number of diet articles was seen in a number of womens magazines also in the same time span (Cusumano Thompson, 1997). Along with this, there was also a significant increase in the areas of weight loss, beauty, fitness and health. Fashion magazines contained more health and fitness articles than traditional magazines.In terms of body measurements, Thompson and Tantleff (1992) found that womens ideal breast size to be larger than their own current size. On top of th at, womens and mens concept of the societal ideal breast size was found to be even larger than the womens ideal size. This implies that media may have promoted types promote discrepancies between current and ideal perceptions of societal ideal sizes (Thompson Tantleff, 1992).Print MediaSex sells. That is something existence propagated by media. Hence in all kinds of media formats, images of alluring ladies showing more of their skin are being presented together with products being sold in the belief that the product will be more saleable. Magazines, in particular, have significantly increased the amount of sexual content not only in exhibiting sexualized womens images but also offering explicit sexual advice (Kim Ward, 2004). The message being conveyed by contemporary magazines with more a liberated nature is that sexually assertive women are prized creatures and if women want to be considered as such, they should follow the advice in the magazine articles.This is a time when the sexuality of young girls is being presented in an exploitative manner. Sexual agency and desire is highly promoted to them. In magazines like Cosmopolitan, though, womens sexual agency and aggressiveness are promoted within the confines of a relationship (Durham, 1996). What is ironic is that there is a strong emphasis for women to be sexually supple to please men, but not overtly sexual, as they still need to make men feel in control. They are expected to be sexually attractive to men in a way that promotes sexual desirability, but should keep their own desire concealed as they need to be pursued and not to be the predator (Durham, 1996, 1998 Garner et al., 1998). These magazines, then, can be seen as part of a cultural apparatus that purports to assist women to be heterosexually attractive, to be coy, alluring, sexy, and flirtatious, in order to find true love and to catch a man, and then to maintain his interest (Overall, 1999, p. 298).Mass medias dominant representation o f women is that they exist for mens satisfaction of their sexual fantasies (Wood, 1994). Cleo and Cosmopolitan magazines encourage women to be as sexual as they can be, making them available to satisfy mens sexual fantasies and desires. Although being able to provide sexual satisfaction for men may be a source of pleasure and power for women, it also reflects that women are reliant on men for their own self-image and power (Machin Thornborrow, 2003). Thus, repeatedly reading articles on how to give pleasure to men may promote womens insecure sexuality (Farvid Braun, 2006).Sex is promoted as a way to keep a man interested in a woman enough to stay in a relationship. Farvid Braun (2006) observe in Cleo and Cosmopolitan magazines that the ability of some women to provide great sex to men is essential in fulfilling not only mens sexual needs but womens relational needs as well. Cleo magazine advocates women to leave an impression where it counts in bed. These magazines project an im age of men as potential cheaters and great sex can keep them from straying. That is why women are advocated to learn the art of sexual pleasing to keep their men faithful.Krassas, Blaukamp Wesselink (2001) conclude that womens magazines communicate a paradoxical perspective of female sexuality in that women are encouraged to shed their traditional roles and become more independent trance they are pressured to find and sexually satisfy a man. Womens bodies are considered commodities and their independence allows them to use such commodities to their advantage and to maximize their food market value (Goldman, Heath Smith, 1991). Krassas, Blaukamp Wesselink (2001) also note that Cosmopolitan magazine may be the first to recognize women as sexual, at the same time, they are in the beginning sexual objects whose desire is fulfilled by allowing themselves to be treated as commodities that are sexually available to men and designed to attract men.How Women are envisioned in Advertis ingErving Goffman (1979) has studied positioning of women in advertisements and concluded that it mirrored their role in society. Goffman identified the models gaze to be measurable and suggested that women are usually sights to be gazed upon. How the woman is positioned in pictures have accorded meanings. Stereotypical poses such as the model gazing away from the camera and seem o freewheel off may be categorized as licensed withdrawal. Goffman describes a pattern in which women more often than men are visualize as removed psychologically from the social situation at large, leaving them unoriented in it, and presumably, therefore, dependent on the protectiveness and goodwill of others (Goffman, 1979, p. 57). Gestures suggesting licensed withdrawal are covering the face, sucking or biting fingers, averting ones head or eyes, shielding oneself behind an object or person, and leaning for turn out against another person. Contrarily, when the model gazes into the camera, it is an en gaging gaze engaging the viewer with a seductive look (Frith, Cheng Shaw, 2004).Goffmans category of feminine touch most often depicts women lightly caressing an object while men are depicted as grasping or using an object. Women are represent as more likely touching themselves such as resting their fingertips on their chin or neck (Goffman, 1979). Conveying a conventionalized expression of sexual availability (Goffman, 1979, p. 41), women are often pictured reclining on a floor or a bed, or canting a head or knee at an odd tilt that can be read as an acceptance of subordination, an expression of ingratiation, submissiveness, and appeasement (1979, p. 46).Other observations of Goffman regarding pictures of women and men together include men positioned as bigger or higher in the frame than women. This communicates differences in social status and dependency of women on men. Also, men are often portrayed as performing a function whereas women are merely decorative (Goffman, 1979).W omens bodies have been used to sell several advertised products. Walsh-Childers (1996) observed that photos of women in advertising usually focussed the readers eye on womens body parts such as the breasts. Soley and Kurzbad (1986) also observed that more and more sexual content became manifest since the mid-1980s as female nudity and erotic content became commonplace in contemporary U.S. advertising. Ms. Magazine published advertisements that increasingly portrayed women as sex objects in its first 15 years of publication. After it no longer ran such ads, Ms. Magazine upheld a position that explicitly embraced feminist orientation and spurned advertisements which were insulting to women. Ms. magazine established itself as an institutional prototype for the appropriate conduct of advertising to women (Ferguson et al., 1990, p. 41). Still, with this sup constitute precedent of championing for women in advertising, there hunt down ads depicting women as sex objects (Krassas, Blaukamp Wesselink, 2001).Cultural Differences in the Portrayal of Women in MediaWomen s depiction in media varies depending on their cultural background. Predominantly, women from western cultures are depicted to be more sexually open and less inhibited in showing their bodies and being associated with more sexually-suggestive themes. Frith, Cheng Shaw (2004) contend that in western cultures, women have acquired rights to flourish their bodies in public without fear of retribution or condemnation. These women have also claimed their right to take pleasure in their bodies. However, in the Middle East and in many parts of Asia, women are expected to dress modestly and demurely (Cheng, 1997).Portraying women as classic beauty types with demure dress across cultures is divided by Eastern and westerly cultures. When it comes to portraying women as sensual or sexy beauty types, though, a noticeable difference emerges. More often, such beauty type is used with western models suggesting that advertisers across cultures present western models as more sexually liberated than Asians (Frith, Cheng Shaw, 2004). The message conveyed is that western models are seen more as sex objects than Asian models.On the other hand, Asian models more likely portray the cute/girl-next-door beauty type (Maynard Taylor, 1999). One outcome of depicting women in such childish manner is diminishing their standing in society as full-fledged adults, thereby pitting them less than their male counterparts. Representations of women as strong, paid and independent individuals may be threatening to men, and since patriarchal ideology is mostly upholded in certain countries, advertisers avoid such portrayal of women (Frith, Cheng Shaw, 2004).In terms of womens roles, in Sweden, they are frequently portrayed as professionals while in the US, they are used more as decorative elements. Biswas et al. (1992) reported that sex salute was used more often in French advertising than in the US. Asian women are usually represented as actively working while US women are seen as relaxing at home. For example, Sengupta (1995) observed that in print advertisement, Japanese women were more likely to be shown as cooking, cleaning and doing other household chores (p. 329). However, in Japanese advertising, when women were portrayed in their professional roles, it is more often as entertainers or actresses (Cooper-Chen, 1995). Maynard Taylor (1999) also observed young Japanese models posed as cute or girlish (smiling and giggling), whereas Western models were posed with more serious expressions depicting a more defiant and independent image. This reflects various portrayals of women as they are seen in their culture. Swedish society may see women as capable professionals. American culture may view women as embellishments to lives made weaken by men. They may be the recipients of their mens compensation for hard work as they are shown enjoying life and occupy themselves in remaining beautiful . In Japan, women are seen as lower class citizens compared to men, and this shows in their advertisements. They are portrayed as domesticated and dependent on their men as compared to American women who are portrayed to e more independent.A models gaze in ads communicates various messages to readers. Samovar, Porter Jain (2001) claim that intercultural communication researchers found that in Asian cultures, direct eye contact is considered aggressive and unfeminine. However, in cultures such as Singapore and Taiwan, women models tend to look directly at the camera. This may be credited to prevailing standards of appearing attractive or it may suggest photographic conventions led by womens liberation movement in Western industrialized countries to depict women as confident and expressing themselves with direct eye contact (Frith, Cheng Shaw, 2004).Hovland et al. (2005) conducted a study that found many Korean women experiencing dilemmas between the Westernized ideal images of wome n conveyed in womens magazines and their own expected traditional roles in their culture. Western values promoted such as competition, freedom, professionalism and individualism challenge traditional Korean values of harmony, respectfulness and collectivism. This shows how American magazines can be powerful in unsettling readers when they read articles that have ideologies that may not agree with their own. It is interesting to note that American contemporary womens magazines such as Cosmopolitan magazines have such a wide reach that traverses various cultures and locations, so the ideologies they present may be interpreted in various ways. Contemporary American womens magazines use a limited range of races of its models. These magazines target a market that is predominantly Caucasian and may not expect to target other races. This may be viewed as ethnocentric (Hovland et al., 2005). Ironically, Asian womens magazines adopt Western images in their advertising. In both American and Asian magazines, the use of Black models is not too frequent and this may be indicative of the adoption of the Western emphasis on the predominance of a White or European beauty standard (Hovland et al., 2005).Increased Sexualization in Popular Modern Music GenresHeavy metal music, described as the overtly violent and sexually explicit segments of rock and roll music (Lynxwiler, 1988) earned the wrath of Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) and targeted a media campaign against it (Gore, 1987). The organization portrayed heavy metal music as dangerous to young minds because it emphasized the use of drugs, encouraged adolescent sex, endorsed sexist/ pornographic values, instrumental in delivering occult messages and caused violent, lawless behavior (Markson, 1990). Such claims created much controversy that it received national attention when Congressional hearings were held to determine if indeed heavy metal albums and other forms of popular music must be evaluated for their influen ce in proliferation of porn-rock in the United States (Gray, 1989). The hearings did not produce great changes however, more and more organizations concerned with child victims such as conservative parental, religious and feminist groups pushed for the regulation of heavy metal music (Bayles, 1994). Still others began their own uprising against rap music (Binder, 1993).Jones (1997) claims, that as a matter of definition, rap and hip-hop music are often used interchangeably. However, Powell (1991) defined hip-hop as the beat of the music and rap as the memorial representation, the talking over the beat. Hence, the use of explicit violence and sexual lyrics may be blamed down to rap. Powell (1991) described commercial rap as hip hop or dance rap. Hardcore rap, or gangster rap is the one that raises much controversy.Researchers have suggested that hip hop and rap music, rooted in Black culture can be tools through which Black youth may negotiate their identities to develop an authenti c Black identity (Clay, 2003). They see the music as reflective of their lives and to assert that music relates to empowerment, cultural connection and positive identity development (Sullivan, 2003 Berry, 1994). Critics of hip hop and rap, however, have argued that Black youth may be very susceptible to the influences of hip hop role models who promise money, power and status to men who show disrespect for women (Squires, Kohn-Wood, Chavous Carter, 2006). Mahiri and Conners (2003) ethnographic study of African American middle school students manifested resistance in the negative images emanating from rap and hiphop. This study suggested the use of rap and hiphop images related to social and gender roles as a point of reference from which participants could verbally evaluate, compare and contrast their own beliefs and attitudes. Adolescents in the study of Squires, Kohn-Wood, Chavous Carter (2006) believed that certain women can be nasty and may consider to be abused, and that abu sive men may be products of their environment. Still, they showed dissatisfaction with the representations of Black men and women in hip hop. Their criticisms revolved around womens individual behavior and appearance and how outsiders might stereotype Black men as thugs for emulating hiphop fashion. Such perceptions of gender roles based on hiphop seemed to extend to the participants evaluations of womens and mens responsibility and choices with regards to genuine world sexual aggression and violence (Squires, Kohn-Wood, Chavous Carter, 2006)The problematic aspects of rap music is usually focused on its most acrimonious strain which is gangsta rap. Narratives in such strain are extremely troubling in their glamorization of violence,, materialism, misogyny and sexual transgression (Mahiri Conner, 2003). However, Dyson (1996) argued that the vulgarity expressed in gangsta rap are strongly linked to dominate cultural constructions of the other and market-driven strategies for ramp ant economic and human exploitation. Therefore, Dyson noted, the debate about gangsta rap should be situated in a much broader critique of how these narratives essentially mirror ancient stereotypes of Black identity and sexual proclivity through the societys circulation of brutal images of black men as sexual outlaws and black females as hos (1996, p. 178)

The 1920’s and 30’s - Difficult Times for Blacks in America Essays

The 1920s and 30s - Difficult Times for Blacks in AmericaThe 1920s and 30s were some troublesome times for many blacks living in the United States. Even though they were free men, a lot of blacks were still hardened like slaves. They were subject to unfair trials, beatings, lynchings, the presumption of guilty before trial, and were also least in priority to lily- lights. Harper Lee also shows these same acts of diagonal in her book To Kill A Mockingbird.It was much easier for a white man to go on trial than a colored man. In 1918, white troops from Illinois, in broad daylight, under the eyes of tens of thousands of people, shot, wounded and killed over one hundred Negroes without any reasonable or apparent provocation from the Negroes. No white soldier was even apprehended or tried in court for this act. Shortly after, Negro troops taunted by abuses, and provoked by harm were alleged to have shot up the town of Houston, killing a few people. The Negro soldiers were tried the verdict was withheld from public they were denied the right of appeal, and were hustled to the scaffold (Messenger 96). This drill shows how the whites were by far favored over the blacks in the court of law. Also the quote There is one law for the white man in this plain and another for the black man, shows how the courts were unfair (Messenger 96). During this time period all of the juries had to consist of white males. Most of the white males were prepossession. So, no matter what the evidence would say, the prejudice would take over and the thought that all blacks are bad would come in to play in the verdict. It would almost be dishonorable for a white man to not vote a black man guilty, no matter what the evidence poin... ... Herbert. Vol. 2. Secaus Citadel Press, Inc., 1973. 512-516Hodges, Aimee and Strenth, Rob KKK Page. 10 Mar. 2001 1928. 1-2 http//www.coe.ufl.edu/courses/edtech/vault/SS/20s/kkk/kkkpage.html.Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. Philadelphia J.B. Lippincott Company, 1960Messenger, The. 1918. A Statement of Fact On Lynching. A Documentary History of The Negro People In the United States. Ed. Aptheker, Herbert. Vol 2. Secaus Citadel Press, Inc., 1973. 610-614Pickens, William. The Woman Voter Hits The modify Line. A Documentary History of the Negro People In the United States. Ed. Aptheker, Herbert. Vol. 3. New York Carol Publishing Group, 1990. 305-309.Walter, White. A Statement of Fact On Lynching. A Documentary History of the Negro People In the United States. Ed. Aptheker, Herbert. Vol. 2. Secaus Citadel Press, Inc., 1973. 610-614

Womens Misleading Magazines Essay -- Media Self Image Beauty Advertis

Womens Misleading MagazinesI was flipping through some channels on the television set peerless day and came across a womans talk show, The View. It caught my attention when one of the hostesses asked the earreach of mostly women to raise their hand if they thought they were truly beautiful. Much to my surprise the audience did not respond with very legion(predicate) show of hands. The hostess then introduced a study done by Dove, the makers of the body soap. Dove polled over 6,000 women from exclusively over the country and only two percent of the women polled said they feel beautiful. Women are surrounded by im sequences screaming physical beauty is more significant than their talents and accomplishments. Women are deriving their self worth from an ideal of how they think they should look and how they think everyone else wants them to look instead of focusing on their scent out of who they are, what they know, and where they are outlet in life. In Help or Hindrance? Wo mens Magazines Offer Readers Little But Fear, Failure, Mary Kay Blakely states, Instead of encouraging women to grow beyond childish myths and vary to the changes of life, womens snips have readers running in place, exhausted. She goes on to say, This is a world we have made up for women, and it is a perilous place to exist. One of the biggest culprits feeding womens insecurities are the popular womens magazine that line the book shelves of grocery stores, gas stations, and waiting rooms. They supply readers and the occasional innocent passerby with unrealistic images of what women should be instead of showing diverse age groups and women with natural beauty. Reading through a couple of magazines, Cosmopolitan, Elle, and Shape, I found nothing but hidden agendas and... ...ce in society. And the effects of the ideals behind these magazines are alone the more powerful because of their subtlety. Women walk away from these magazines with an empty feeling and feelings of many i nadequacies and they really dont know exactly why. The subtle undermining of womens intelligence and cause strips away their sense of worth ever so slowly and leaves them feeling depressed and in search of something that really cant exist together. Growing old while staying young takes many years of complete and internal happiness not many years of collagen injections and the added stress of having to stay unattainably perfect. While some consider these journalists for womens magazines talented writers, I consider them horrendous displays of talent in which they sell out the naturally beautiful women of the world for a quick buck and a popular magazine.